In greater response to April and others more in general:
I am not an expert on the human mind. I cant tell you how it works, actually, no one could. There are entire fields of science devoted to understanding it. All I can do is point to some practical things that appear to work.
I outlined in general the specific way that I recall things. This doesn’t assume that everyone is able to do that specific set of things to achieve such a result. Great emphasis should be placed on finding out what works for you in particular.
Apparently, a long time ago, people were taught how to think more than they were taught what to think. I figured this out in my freshman year of HS when I essentially had done everything there was to do in the state mandated curriculum. [My last three years of HS, even till now, have essentially consisted of me teaching myself things. That is another topic though.] What became apparent through reading a great deal of material, that I had thought was boring but ran out of books, was that learning how to think is a far more useful skill than remembering trivia by rote.
Fortunately a lot has been written on methods of thinking. The most important part of which is generally just “problem solving.” Almost anything can be placed in the form of a problem. If there is a problem, there is a solution (if you ask why there must be a solution, I direct you to philosophy
.) There is a specific method involved in solving any problem, I guess we could call this Heuristics. It’s not terribly complicated to learn, and will place a great number of things into their proper context, not to mention the novelty of solving a problem by yourself does not fade quickly. [This was an answer to your part about remembering false facts.]
The second thing would be how to place the proper information in it’s proper place. There are a million different things I’ve seen to do about this. The basics of all are related to remembering loci in relation to the fact and being able to link between one loci and another. A loci (it just means place) can be anything, colours, feelings, visual maps, buildings, etc. This is where explaining it gets fuzzy. Some people (apparently, remember: not an expert) seem to be better at remembering loci related to facts, and some people (myself) are just skip the locus and grasp things how they are intuitively. I practiced this skill at work a lot (very boring jobs) by just picking a random topic, then trying to remember every aspect of the topic in relation to other topics. The relationship between the topics are more my loci as opposed to something arbitrary like a colour.
The thing is that somehow problem solving and understanding facts are related. I couldn’t say “how” though. All I know is that once I could figure out problems related to various topics, I could recall the topics in great detail. [You may wonder how this helps with literature but for some reason I recall literature and the like as pictures, not words. Grammar is another one, a lot of the time I cant tell “why” a piece of text is “wrong” but it literally “feels” like it is. I blame it on my mother who spoke perfect BBC-style English when I was young.]