FEMA to move people out of trailers with toxic threat
* Story Highlights
* NEW: FEMA to boost efforts to get Katrina victims out of potentially toxic trailers
* Official: CDC wants victims out by summer because heat exacerbates problem
* Cancer research agency, EPA: Formaldehyde a carcinogen or probable carcinogen
* CDC last year dismissed environmental findings that trailers posed health risk
NEW ORLEANS, Louisiana (AP) -- Authorities say they will step up efforts to move hurricane victims out of more than 35,000 trailers now that tests indicate possibly high levels of formaldehyde contamination.
Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator David Paulison made the announcement Thursday.
The Centers for Disease Control has said fumes from 519 tested trailer and mobile homes in Louisiana and Mississippi were on average about five times what people are exposed to in most modern homes.
In some trailers, the levels were more than 50 times the customary exposure levels, raising fears that residents could contract respiratory problems.
FEMA -- which supplied the trailers -- should move people out quickly, with priority given to families with children, elderly people or anyone with asthma or other chronic conditions, said Mike McGeehin, director of a CDC division that focuses on environmental hazards.
"We do not want people exposed to this for very much longer," McGeehin said.
In New Orleans, Jim Herring, 63, who recently moved back into his partially renovated house in the badly flooded Lakeview neighborhood, said he wasn't surprised about the finding.
"The workmanship is pathetic," said Herring, a retiree who worked for 25 years in a chemical plant.
Herring and his wife, Susan, decided not to stay in their trailer, which they received in April 2007. Both Herrings are smokers, but Jim Herring said he did not have a cough until they moved into it.
"Let's face it, these things were not meant to be lived in for a year," Susan Herring said.
FEMA spokesmen said more than 35,000 of the trailers and mobile homes are still occupied in Louisiana and Mississippi more than two years after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita laid waste to much of the two states' coastlines.
With housing still in short supply -- 80 percent of New Orleans was flooded and the pace of rebuilding has been slow -- many were unsure of their next move.
"I got nowhere else to go," said 75-year-old Ernest Penns, whose FEMA trailer is his only shelter.
While there are no federal safety standards for formaldehyde fumes in homes, the levels found in the trailers are high enough to cause burning eyes and breathing problems for people who have asthma or sensitivity to air pollutants, said McGeehin.
CDC officials said the study did not prove people became sick from the fumes, but merely took a snapshot reading of fume levels. Only formaldehyde was tested, they added.
FEMA provided about 120,000 travel trailers to victims of the 2005 hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In 2006, some occupants began reporting headaches and nosebleeds.
The complaints were linked to formaldehyde, a colorless gas with a pungent smell used in the production of plywood and resins.
Commonly used in manufactured homes, formaldehyde can cause respiratory problems and has been classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as a probable carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Last May, FEMA officials dismissed findings by environmentalists that the trailers posed serious health risks. They said the trailers conformed to industry standards.
By August, about 1,000 families in Louisiana asked FEMA to move them to other quarters. In November, lawyers for a group of hurricane victims asked a federal judge to order FEMA to test for hazardous fumes.
The CDC, working with FEMA, hired a contractor. The firm -- Bureau Veritas North America -- tested air samples from 358 travel trailers, 82 park model trailers and 79 mobile homes.
Analysis of the samples, taken from December 21 through January 23, came back last week, McGeehin said.
They found average levels of 77 parts formaldehyde per billion parts of air, significantly higher than the 10 to 17 parts per billion concentration seen in newer homes. Levels were as high as 590 parts per billion.
The highest concentrations were in travel trailers, which are smaller and more poorly ventilated, McGeehin said.
Indoor air temperature was a significant factor in raising formaldehyde levels, independent of trailer make or model, CDC officials said. McGeehin said that's why the CDC would like residents out before summer.
A broader-based children's health study is also in the works, McGeehin said.
Last week, congressional Democrats accused FEMA of manipulating scientific research in order to play down the danger posed by formaldehyde in the trailers.
Sen. Barack Obama, who has criticized FEMA's response in the past, called for President Bush on Thursday to "immediately find safe shelter for these families, who have suffered so much."
In its initial round of testing, FEMA took samples from unoccupied trailers that had been aired out for days and compared them with federal standards for short-term exposure, according to the lawmakers.
Legislators also said the CDC ignored research from -- and then demoted -- one of its own experts, who concluded any level of exposure to formaldehyde may pose a cancer risk. A CDC spokesman has denied the allegations.
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