In the US:
For the guys out there that don't know this, most women have to schedule their yearly checkup at the end of their previous appointment. If they don't, chances are when they call, they'll have to wait at least 3 months to get an appointment.
The US isn't any better in terms of time for scheduling things
That COMPLETELY depends on the doctor. I've had some where I had to schedule two months out (womens, pediatricians, general) and others where I call Monday and am in by Friday. I'm currently with the people that I can call Monday and have an appointment later that week.